中文摘要：

系统回顾了1952年土地改革完成以来,中国农业生产经营制度及主体变迁的过程。采用工具变量法等定量方法,对农业经营制度变化进行量化,并识别主体变迁的影响效应。研究表明：中国农业生产经营制度及主体变迁具有明显的阶段性特征,农业经营制度安排对粮食产量、农业全要素生产率具有显著正向影响,具有较高的同步性。新时期农业生产经营制度安排,首先要尊重农业生产经营主体自愿加入或成立合作组织的意愿,保障主体的生产经营自主性,内化生产监督成本,提高组织化程度;其次要加快配套制度设计与探索,推动适度规模经营;最后应分区施策,培育新型农业生产经营主体,发展职业农民,提高劳动者生产技能。

英文摘要：

It is important to analyze and summarize the internal logic changes of agricultural business entities, especially to cultivate new agricultural business entities and perfect modern agricultural management system. Firstly, we analyze the changes of agricultural business entities （CABE） since 1952. And then, we quantify the change of agricultural business entities adopting a quantitative approach, and identify its effect. CABE have obvious stage characteristics, which can be roughly divided into five stages. In fact, there is a big difference between the decision maker and the operating mechanism at different stages. During the first stage （1953-1958）, the cooperative operation was based on family management, while collective management under the people＇s commune system was playing a dominant role in the second stage. At the third stage （1979-1992）, new changes took place in the subject of agricultural busi- ness entities, which was pure peasant household＇s time. Farmers, and peasants coexistence in the household contract management dominated the fourth stage. Since 2013, the agricultural management system in China has taken on new characteristic, namely, many kinds of types of operation, such asfamily management, collective operation, cooperative management and enter- prise management, etc. are compatible. After 1978, China＇s agricultural management system has been optimized; the tool variable value has been on a rising trend, the grain yield and agri- cultural total factor productivity index also showed the characteristics of fluctuation. Through- out the study period, the agricultural management system has a significant positive effect on grain yield and agricultural total factor productivity. In the new period, the arrangement of agricultural production and operation system should follow the market rules strictly. First of all, we must respect the willingness of the agricultural production and business entities to join or set up cooperative organizations, to protect the production and operatio