对祁连山地形云民乐试验区的降水时空变化及夏季降水、云和风向的日变化进行分析发现,试验区降水随海拔升高由北向南递增,在祁连山北坡实测最大年降水量511 mm,出现在海拔2500 m的瓦房城。全年7月降水最多,6~8月降水量占年降水量的57%。夏季风向日变化明显,以山谷环流为主,白天多为NW风,夜间为SSE风,午后谷风使水汽向祁连山北坡汇集,气流抬升形成对流云,故山区16:00~20:00降水频率最高,有两个雨峰分别出现在午后和半夜,与低云量和积云、积雨云的日变化对应。近50年的气候变化表明,年降水量呈上升趋势,春、夏、秋季降水量均为上升趋势,冬季则下降。1957~2004年有两个枯水期,两个丰水期,1998年至今处于丰水期。年降水量和年径流量最大熵谱图分析表明,4.8年和3年周期较显著,民乐年降水量和莺落峡年径流量熵谱图对应较好,还存在9年的振动周期。
The temporal and spatial variation of summer precipitation and the daily variation of clouds and wind direction are analyzed with the 50-year climate data from the topographic-cloud experiment area in Qilian Mountain.The result shows that the precipitation in the experiment area increased from north to south with increasing altitude.The observed maximum annual precipitation is 511 mm,occuring in Wafangcheng at 2500 m(ASL).The amount of precipitation in July is the biggest,while that from June to August is a...