中文摘要：

现代免疫学自20世纪60年代初兴起以来就渗透到烧伤医学中，并逐渐成为其重要内容。重庆、上海、北京的有关单位于20世纪70年代末开始了烧伤免疫的临床和实验研究，且一直延续至今。下面笔者分别从烧伤后免疫功能的改变、病因学分析、发生机制与临床后果、防治措施等方面进行归纳总结，并展望烧伤免疫相关研究的发展前景。

英文摘要：

For five decades it has been recognized that severe burn injury may precipitate in marked alterations in immune function, resulting in life-threatening systemic infections, sepsis, multiple organ failure, and even death. Extensive and deep burns exert widespread and profound impacts on various ceils and molecules of the immune system. The general characteristics of abnormal immune responses following major burns are hyperinflammatory response and hypoimmune response of innate and adaptive immunity. These are recognized as postburn immune dysfunction（PID）. The stress reaction, massive necrotic tissue, shock, infection, malnutrition and various therapeutic procedures after burns alter the microenvironment of the immune cells and molecules in which they reside, and consequently result in the changes in immune cells and their secretions in quantity and/or activity ,and also aberrant signal transduction in different immune cells. These events constitute the cellular and molecular bases in the pathogenesis of PID. The main clinical consequences of PID include tissue damages and increased susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens caused by refractory inflammation and suppressed adaptive immunity. In order to decrease the morbidity of these lethal complications, efforts to improve the immune dysfunction after burn injury have been made not only at the integral level of etiological factors, but also at the cellular and molecular levels of its mechanisms. In this review, all these above-mentioned aspects of PID are comprehensively discussed.