中文摘要：

针对内蒙古沙尘暴天气中大气层结稳定度问题,选取了内蒙古强沙尘暴、大风（以大风为主部分地区伴有扬沙天气）两种天气过程,对冷空气活动的温度平流空间分布特征进行对比分析。分析结果表明:沙尘暴、大风天气都有较强的冷平流活动,但强冷平流的垂直分布明显不同,其对大气层结稳定度、温度垂直廓线、垂直运动分布有明显影响。沙尘暴天气强冷平流中心位于较高的700⁶00 hPa层次,其与近地层弱冷平流叠加,形成高低层温度平流差异,使得垂直气温直减率加大并保持这一趋势,形成有利于沙尘暴发生的深厚不稳定层结条件,在低层扰动的触发下形成干对流风暴,能量交换不稳定能量释放,使该层大气趋于中性层结即混合层,混合层是能量交换的一个平衡态;大风天气强冷平流中心位于较低的850 hPa以下层次,不利于形成不稳定层结条件。沙尘暴扬起的高度就是混合层厚度,比强冷平流中心位置高出150 hPa左右,强度达到—45×10^-3℃·s^-1以上的强冷平流中心在700⁶00 hPa层次时,混合层厚度可达到500 hPa以上层次,这一强度的沙尘暴天气可以影响到我国江南沿海地区。

英文摘要：

Based on two processes of the severe sandstorm and the strong wind with dust,this study on spatial distribution characteristics of temperature advection aims at the atmospheric stratification in Inner Mongolia.The results show that during the sandstorm and high wind processes cold advections are stron-ger than normal,but have different vertical distribution characteristics.The strong cold advections have significant impacts on atmospheric stratification stabilities,vertical temperature profiles and vertical move-ments.The center of the strong cold advection exists in the higher layer from 700 hPa to 600 hPa,overlap-ping the weak cold advection in the near-surface layer,forming temperature advection differences between higher and lower levels,and increasing vertical temperature lapse rate,which is favorable for the forma-tion of the deep unstable stratification in the sandstorm processes.After the unstable energy is released in the process of the dry convective windstorm formation,the atmosphere stratification tends to become neu-tral or mixed layer,where the energy exchange is in an equilibrium state.In high wind process,strong cold advection center is located in the lower level of 850 hPa,which is not conducive to the formation of unstable stratification.The mixing layer height is consistent with the sandstorm height,whose location is about 150 hPa higher than the strong cold advection center,when the strong cold advection center (-45× 10-3℃·s-1 )is in the 700-600 hPa level and the thichness of the mixing layer gets to 500 hPa or higher. This sandstorm weather process with such intensity can influence the south of the Yangtze River and the coastal areas of China.