中文摘要：

绝缘子覆冰是一种特殊形式的污秽，一般来说覆冰前绝缘子表面存在污秽才会导致绝缘子在运行电压下发生冰闪。如何模拟和表征污秽对绝缘子冰闪电压的影响是防冰抗冰设计的基础，因此根据多功能人工气候室的试验结果探讨了染污方式，即固体涂层法染污或覆冰水电导率染污对瓷和玻璃绝缘子覆冰直流电压的影响，分析了人工覆冰绝缘子两种染污方式之间的关系。研究结果表明：在对冰闪电压的影响上，两种染污方式存在等价性；染污方式对覆冰绝缘子的放电路径有影响，固体涂层法染污的瓷和玻璃绝缘子冰闪路径沿着绝缘子表面，覆冰水电导率模拟污秽时，放电沿着冰层外表面；覆冰水电导率法试验结果的分散性较小，试验简便且易于控制。因此，建议试验时可采用覆冰水电导率法模拟污秽。

英文摘要：

How to simulate the effect of pollution on icing flashover voltage is the foundation of anti-icing designing method. Based on the test results carried on the multi-functional artificial climate chamber, we discussed the effect of two kinds of polluting methods, i. e. , solid layer pollution method and ice water conductivity method, on DC flashover performance of porcelain and glass insulators, and analyzed the relationship between the two pollution methods. The test results show that while considering the effects on icing flashover voltage, two different pollution methods have a corresponding relationship; the pollution method has an effect on the flashover path which occurs at the inner surface of ice layer for the solid laYer pollution method and on the outer surface of the ice layer for the icing water conductivity method, and the test result by ice water conductivity method is simple and easily controlled due to smaller dispersion. Therefore, ice water conductivity method should be suggested to be used to simulate pollution.