中文摘要：

在德国学徒制现代化转型过程中，宏观层面的社会管制式市场治理模式为学徒制奠定了匹配的制度环境。劳动共同体模式和去商品化的社会保护成为学徒制有效作用的经济社会基础。这些制度安排的达成可追溯到工业化时期，当时围绕学徒制而发生的利益政治是建构学徒制转型演化轨迹的社会原因。德国学徒制的技能形成过程是社会建构的。学徒制相关问题应该成为经济社会学和社会政策研究中的重要议题。这种研究视野的转化，对于思考当下中国经济建设与社会保护如何协调等问题具有一定的启发意义。

英文摘要：

In the process of the modernization of apprenticeship in Germany, the governance model of social market lays the good foundation for the apprenticeship. For apprenticeship, its effective work depends on the industrial community and decommodification process. The establishment of these institutions can be traced back to the patriarchal regulation of guild and the period of the industrial revolution. The industrial democracy played a role in the process of change, which could solve the credible commitment problem in the skill formation. These factors keep the apprenticeship working in many enterprise of German, and because of this kind of skill formation system, German manufacturing industry has achieved a great success in the global market. Therefore, the skill formation system has become the key part of the institution package, which is called comparative institutional advantage of Germany. The conflicts between the stakeholders have shaped the evolution trajectory of the apprenticeship. In this sense, the process of skill formation is socially constructed. More attention from academia, especially from the fields of economy sociology and social policy should be paid to the study of the apprenticeship system, as it will shed new lights on the research about economic development and social protection in China.