中文摘要：

眼是光转换的视觉器官，通常考虑将其作为一个生物力学结构．眼睛是眼内肌和眼外肌产生压力的系统，具有复杂的内血管系统，产生流体和溶合物的传导系统．从生物力学角度看，眼存在固体生物力学、流体生物力学和生物传输等问题．本综述中，介绍眼睛有意义的生物固体力学各方面研究成果及尚待解决的问题，其研究对象为巩膜、角巩膜、角膜、视网膜、筛板以及眼调节和老花．回顾测量巩膜力学性质和角巩膜应力-应变性质模型的有关研究成果，然后论述这些研究成果的应用．巩膜力学另一重要应用是对近视的了解，即眼的轴长过长使长距离光线不能够清晰聚焦于视网膜而引起近视．角膜生物力学一个显著的应用是预测激光切开剖面手术，它将使屈光角膜手术达到最优的术后视敏度．筛板是眼中最具有生物力学研究兴趣的组织之一，它是跨过巩膜管的多孔的结缔组织．推导出青光眼的视神经病的力学理论．证据表明围绕着睫状肌的结蹄组织发生变化可能妨碍它的自由收缩的能力，因此老花的病理学原因可能是多因素的．

英文摘要：

The eye is an organ which transduces light, and can be considered as a biomechanical structure. It is a pressurized, thick-walled shell with an internal and external musculature, a remarkably complex internal vascular system. In this review, we present research results of biosolid mechanics related with eye, and a list of unsolved problems. The research objects are sclera, corneoscleral envelope, cornea retina, lamina cribrosa, accommodation the stress-strain and presbyop behavior of ia. We first address studies on measuring mechanical properties of the sclera and the corneoscleral envelope. Then we examine the applications of these studies An important application of scleral mechanics is the understanding of myopia in which the axial length of the eye is too large to allow clear focusing of distant light rays on the retina, An obvious application of corneal biomechanics is to predict the laser ablation profile that will optimize postoperative visual acuity in refractive corneal procedures. The lamina cribrosa is one of the most interesting tissues in the eye with respect to biomechanics. It is a porous connective tissue that spans the scleral canal, mechanically supporting the retinal ganglion cells of the optic nerve as they pass through the scleral canal, We discuss the mechanical theory of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, The evidence indicates that changes in the connective tissues around the ciliary muscle may inhibit its ability to freely contract. Thus, the pathophysiology of presbyopia may be multifactorial.