中文摘要：

骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）是一种多能成体干细胞，是组织工程重要的种子细胞来源之一。BMSCs是成骨细胞的起源，体外条件下，BMSCs可以诱导分化为成骨细胞等多种细胞，这一过程受到多条信号通路的调控，其中比较重要的有骨形成蛋白（BMPs）／Smad通路、丝裂原激活蛋白激酶通路、Wnt通路和钙离子通路等。这些信号通路对BMSCs成骨分化具有重要的调节作用，最终维持了骨代谢平衡。BMSCs成骨分化对骨重建具有重要的影响，研究BMSCs成骨分化相关通路可以揭示其分子调控机制，为相关疾病的治疗提供新的靶点。

英文摘要：

BMSCs are a kind of muhipotent adult stem cells,which is one of the important seed sources of tissue engineering. BMSCs are the origin of osteoblasts and can be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and other cells in vitro, and this process is regulated by many signal pathways. For example, BMPs/Smad pathway, MAPK pathway, Wnt pathway and Ca^2＋ pathway are four important pathways,which play important roles in the regulation of BMSCs osteogenic differentiation and maintenance of bone metabolic balance. The osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs has important effects on bone reconstruction, and studying of BMSCs osteogenic differentiation pathways can reveal the molecular regulation mechanism and provide new targets for the treatment of related diseases.