中文摘要：

目的了解泌尿系结石患者一般人口学特征及分布，探讨不同民族之间发病特点的差异，为泌尿系结石病因学研究和预防工作提供科学依据。方法从新疆医科大学第一附属医院病案室调取并查阅2002—2011年住院治疗的泌尿系结石患者的电子病历，使用Excle建立数据库，采用SPSS17．0统计软件进行统计分析。结果2002—2011年住院治疗的泌尿系结石患者共5542例，占泌尿外科住院患者总数的29．4％。同期泌尿外科住院患者总例数中所占比例呈逐年增加的趋势（P=0．028）。男性占70．3％，女性占29．7％，性别比为2．37：1；平均年龄为（36．6±19．3）岁，以20～50岁为主（55．7％）；维吾尔族占43．8％，汉族占46．7％。维吾尔族患者平均年龄为（27．1±19．1）岁，汉族患者年龄平均为（45．2±15．6）岁，两组平均年龄差异具有统计学意义（P=0．001），维吾尔族患者性别比低于汉族患者，差异具有统计学意义（P=0．008）。结论泌尿系结石患者呈逐年增长趋势，患者主要以青壮年为主，男性多于女性；维吾尔族与汉族患者相比，具有发病年龄早，女性患者比例较高等特点。

英文摘要：

Objectives To understand the demographic characteristics of patients with urolithiasis, to ex- plore the differences in the causes of urolithiasis between different ethnic groups and to provide scientific basis for the etiological study and prevention of urolithiasis. Methods Draw medical records of patients with urolithiasis from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University in year 2002-2011, establish a database by Excle, conduct statistical analysis with SPSS17.0. Results There were 5 542 patients with urolithiasis from 2002 to 2011, accounting for 29.4% of the total number of urology inpatients. Result of linear trend chi-square test showed that the proportion of patients with urolithiasis in the total number of urology inpatients had an increasing trend （ P =0. 028）. Among the 5 542 cases with urolithiasis 70.3% were male, 29.7% were female, sex ratio was 2.37 = 1; 43.8% were Uygur ethnic, 46.7% were Hun people; Age of this population was （36.6±19.3） years old, most of them were between 20-50 years, accounting for 55.7%; Compare age and sex distribution of different ethnic groups （Uygur and Hart people）, result showed that there was a statistically significant difference between sex and age distributionof them. Uygur patients had lower sex ratio than Han patients; Uygur patients had early age of onset than Han patients. Conclusion There is an incresing trend in patients with urolithiasis, patients with urolithiasis are mainly young adults and male; Compared to Han people, Uygur patients have early age of onset and higher proportion of women.