中文摘要：

目的分析我国基层医疗机构床位配置及其公平性的变化趋势及存在的问题，为政府优化卫生资源配置政策提供理论基础。方法采用非抽样调查的全面定期统计报表调查方式以及基尼系数法和泰尔指数法，对基层医疗机构卫生技术人员按地理面积的分布状况及其公平性进行分析。结果2009年至2012年，全国基层医疗机构床位按地理面积分布涨幅为7．72％，东、中、西部地区分别为5．35％、3．97％和27．88％。社区卫生服务机构涨幅为46．58％，东、中、西部地区分别为18．09％、29．57％和81．53％。乡镇卫生院涨幅为2．33％，东、中、西部地区分别为-3．83％、-0．43％和22％。全国基层医疗机构床位分布的基尼系数各年均高于0．6，东部地区低于0．3，中部地区处于0．3～0．4，西部地区高于0．6。社区卫生服务机构床位基尼系数从0．4下降到0．3～0.4，西部地区基尼系数由0．3～0．4上升到0．4以上。乡镇卫生院与基层医疗机构整体变化趋势相似。城乡基层医疗机构床位分布的区域内泰尔指数均高于区域间，区域内分布对泰尔指数贡献率均显著高于区域间。结论基层医疗机构床位配置增加，但公平性变化不大；社区卫生服务机构的床位配置及其公平性均高于乡镇卫生院；西部地区配置的增速最高，但绝对数最低，且公平性不仅最低，还有下降趋势；区域内分布的影响较大，公平性较低，且呈下降趋势。

英文摘要：

Objective Measure the variation trend and the problems of bed allocation and its equity at primary medical institutions and provide theoretical basis for optimizing the policy of health resources allocation for the government. Methods Analysis of the distribution and equity of the inpatient beds at primary medical institutions in terms of geographical area by means of the survey of regular overall statistics forms and the methods of Gini coefficient and Theil index. Results From 2009 to 2012, the number increase of beds at such institutions geographically was 7.72% ,while that in eastern,central and western regions of China were respectively 5.35%, 3,97% and 27.88%. The number increase at community healthcare centers was 46.58%, while that in eastern, central and western regions of the country were respectively 18. 09%, 29.57%和81.53%. The number increase at township hospitals was 2.33%,while that in eastern, central and western regions were respectively -3.83%,-0.43%and 22%. The Gini coefficient of bed allocation at such institutions was beyond 0. 6, while that in eastern, central and western regions were respectively under 0. 3, 0： 3-0. 4 and 0. 6 above. The Gini coefficient of bed allocation at community healtbcare centers fell from above 0. 4 to under 0. 4. The Gini coefficient in the western regions increased from 0. 3-0. 4 to over 0. 4. The variation trend of township hospitals was similar with the overall conditions at such institutions. The intra-regional Theil indexes and their contribution rates of bed allocation at such institutions were higher than those of inter-regional. Conclusions The overall variation trend of bed allocation at such institutions was on the rise, yet its variation trend of equity remains unchanged. The bed allocation and its equity at such institutions were higher than those at township hospitals. The growth rate in western regions was the highest, but the absolute number was the lowest. Moreover, the equity of bed allocation in such regions was not only the lowest, but also wa