中文摘要：

采用后差分GPS方法对珠穆朗玛峰北坡绒布河谷中时期的冰碛地貌进行实地测量与研究,结合该河谷数值年代,得到时间序列上关于各期次冰碛地貌终碛垄的平面面积、表面面积、体积等参数：基龙寺终碛平面面积、表面面积以及体积分别为1.53×106m2、1.90×106m2和1.98×108m3;绒布寺终碛为1.03×106m2、1.24×106m2和0.82×108m3;绒布德新冰期终碛为1.72×106m2、2.0×106m2和1.98×108m3;小冰期终碛及现代表碛为2.43×106m2、2.60×106m2和1.69×108m3.对比分析认为：河谷地形差异是控制绒布河谷冰碛地貌表面形态的主要因素,冰碛地貌形成过程中冰川退缩方式以及形成以后所遭受的流水切割、搬运等外力作用是影响冰碛垄规模大小差异的基本原因.受局地小气候差异影响,同期次侧碛表现出形态特征的不对称性：新冰期东坡侧碛坡度值大于西坡侧碛,前者为30.7°～46°,后者为30.7°～37.9°,另外在东坡侧碛发育有冰碛土柱,西坡侧碛未见分布.

英文摘要：

Using Differential GPS to observe the moraines and using Arcgis software to calculate and analyze the observed data,the morphology of moraines in the Rongbuk Valley on the northern slopes of Mount Qomolangma was studied,including the Last glacial moraines,the Neoglacial moraines,the Little Ice Age moraines and the modern superglacial moraines. The projected area,surface area and volume of the moraines are 1.53×106m2,1.90×106m2 and 1.98×108m3 for the Jilong terminal moraines formed in 24~26 ka BP,1.03×106m2,1.24×106m2 and 0.82×108m3 for the Rongbuk terminal moraines formed in 14~16 ka BP,1.72×106m2,2.0×106m2 and 1.98×108m3 for the Neoglacial terminal moraines formed in the LIA,and 2.43×106m2,2.60×106m2 and 1.69×108m3 for the modern superglacial moraines,respectively. It is believed that width of the valley was the main factor which controlled the moraine morphology,the way by which the glacier retreated influenced the moraine size,and the post fluvial incision also impacted the moraine size. Owing to the local climatic difference,the lateral moraines at the same age display an asymmetry in shape.