中文摘要：

为了明确地衣芽孢杆菌W10及其抗菌蛋白对苹果贮藏期重要病害的防治作用，进行了对苹果轮纹病菌、炭疽病菌的抑制以及对轮纹病的防治试验。结果表明，W10菌液、培养滤液、抗菌蛋白对2种病菌的形态、菌丝生长、产孢和分生孢子萌发都有明显的破坏或抑制作用，其中抗菌蛋白的作用最强，5倍稀释液可以完全抑制病菌菌丝生长．20倍液对病菌产孢或分生孢子萌发的抑制率均达100％。菌液、培养滤液与抗菌蛋白对病菌菌丝形态的破坏作用相似，都可以使菌丝细胞原生质收缩、肿大呈泡囊状、细胞壁破损导致原生质外泄，甚至菌丝断裂。W10细菌液或抗菌蛋白能够明显抑制果实病斑的扩展，用其浸果后接种病菌，贮藏90d时，抗菌蛋白对轮纹病的防效仍达到50．0％，与多菌灵效果相当。

英文摘要：

Bacillus licheniformis W10 was a novel antagonistic bacterium and could produce antifungal protein. The purpose of this study was to reveal the biocontrol effect of W10 and its antifungal protein for inhibiting Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. piricola and GlomereUa cingulatawere. The results indicated that the bacterial suspension, culture filtrate and antifungal protein from W10 exhibited antagonism on B. berengeriana f. sp. piricola and G. cingulata. When the pathogens were cultured in the amended medium with above biocontrol factors from W 10, they were inhibited obviously in the hypha growth, sporulation, and the conidial germination. Of all the biocontrol factors, the antifungal protein was the most strong in the inhibitory effect. When the antifungal protein was diluted 5 times, the inhibition rates on the colony growth of the pathogens were both 100%, The pathogens could not sporulate and the conidia could not germinate when the antifungal protein were diluted even 20 times. The bacterial suspension, culture filtrate and antifungal protein not only inhibited the pathogens growth, sporulation and the conidial germination but also damaged the pathogens morphology. It was observed that the protoplasm of hyphal cells shrinked, the hyphal cells swelled, the protoplasm leaked out from the hyphal cells, and the hyphal cells were destroyed even. The inoculating experiments indicated that the bacterial suspension and antifungal protein could suppress necrosis spread of apple ring rot and apple anthracnose on the apple fruits. On condition that the apple fruits were dipped with the antifungal protein for 3 minutes, the control effect of the antifungal protein on postharvest apple ring rot was 50%, and the same as that of carbendazim after treatment 90 days. We concluded that the B. licheniformis W10 was an antagonistic bacterium to B. berengeriana f. sp. piricola and G. cingulata and it possessed potential biocontrol effect on postharvest apple ring rot and apple anthracnose.