中文摘要：

为探讨我国极危物种中国大鲵（Andrias davidianus）的保护策略，于2014年8月22日至9月11日在日本实地调查和文献查询日本大鲵（A. japonicus）的现状，结果发现分布区各地均有众多的志愿者参与日本大鲵的保护和研究，其种群密度达到38.2-64.3尾/km（N = 5），平均遇见率44.3 ± 34.6（SD）尾/km（N = 11），能够参加繁殖的雄雌比例介于1.5：1与9.6：1间（N = 3）. 繁殖地多为乡村溪流的河岸洞穴，受修筑堰坝、硬化河岸以及改造河道的影响，部分地方种群的繁殖补充量极低，在京都府、三重县和奈良县还面临外来物种中国大鲵的入侵、竞争以至杂交的威胁，个别地方杂交个体所占比例高达90%. 这启示我们，在保护我国大鲵时，应注意控制增殖放流的强度、选择适宜的放流地点并加强放流个体的遗传背景检测.

英文摘要：

To clarify the conservation strategy of the critically endangered giant salamander Andrias davidianus （CGS） in China, field survey and document retrieval were taken to investigate the current status of its congener A. japonicus （JGS） in Japan during August 22 to September 11. Volunteers from all walks of life were found to participate in the conservation and research of JPS across its range. The common population density of JPS reached 38.2-64.3 adults or juveniles per km （N = 5）, with the encounter rate of 44.3 ± 34.6 （SD, N = 11） ind./km and the breeding sex ratio of 1.5-9.6 （♂） ： 1 （♀）. JPS usually breeds in riverside caves of streams and small rivers. The recruitment of some populations was nearly nullified because of the construction of dams and artificial riverbanks, the alteration of river courses, and especially the invasion, competition and hybridization of CGS in Kyoto, Mie, and Nara prefectures. This enlightens us to control intensity, select suitable habitats and screen genetic backgrounds when releasing CGS for conservation.