中文摘要：

主要介绍了强冰雹天气的有利环境背景条件和强雹暴的多普勒天气雷达识别和预警技术。主要结论如下：（1）有利于强冰雹的环境条件是-10℃和-30℃之间的对流有效位能较大；0～6km之间的垂直风切变较大；0cC层距离地面高度适中。（2）强冰雹的主要的雷达回波特征：高悬的强回波；低层的弱回波区（WER）、中高层的回波悬垂和有界弱回波区（BWER）；中气旋。（3）能够有效判断强冰雹发生的3个辅助特征指标：VIL密度，风波顶辐散和S波段三体散射长钉（TBSS），具体如下：①强冰雹发生对应的VIL密度阈值是3．5g／m^3，如果达到4g／m^3，几乎肯定发生强冰雹；②产生强冰雹的正负速度差值的阈值是38m／s；③s波段雷达回波中出现TBSS是存在强冰雹的充分非必要条件。

英文摘要：

A review is mainly given on the environmental background conditions which are favorable for the occurrence of sever hail events, the identification of severe hailstorms strength, and severe hailstorms warning methods by Doppler weather radar. The main conclusions are as follows ： （ 1 ） The environment conditions conducive to severe hail were the larger convective available potential energy （CAPE） between - 10 ℃ level and - 30℃ level, the larger vertical wind shear ranged from 0 to 6 km, and the moderate height from the ground to 0 ℃ layer. （2） The main radar echo characteristics of severe hail are an overhang strong echo, low - level weak echo region （ WER）, high - level overhanging echo and bounded weak echo region （BWER） and the mesocyclone （M）. （3） Three auxiliary characteristic indicators which have been effectively used to determine severe hail occurrence are VIL density, storm top divergence and the S - band three - body scatter spike （TBSS）. Specific requirements are as follows： Firstly, the threshold value of VIL density corresponded to severe hail occurrence is 3.5 g/m^3, and if it reached 4 g/m^3, severe hail would almost certainly occur. Secondly, the threshold value of the speed difference between the positive and negative （ΔV） is 38 m/ s. Thirdly, it is a sufficient condition of non - essential for the occurrence of severe hail that TBSS appears in S - band radar echo.