中文摘要：

利用南昌和赣州的GPS/MET资料和探空资料，对Saastamoinen、Hopfield和Black三种天顶静力延迟（ZHD）模型进行了改善，改善后的模型不仅减小模型偏差还提升了计算精度。对比分析采用改善前后的ZHD模型解算的PW （GPS PW）与探空PW发现，改善后的ZHD模型解算的GPS PW减小了与探空PW的偏差和标准差，提升了GPS PW的反演精度。运用改善后的Hopfield模型解算的GPS PW （与探空PW的偏差最小），对2012年8月7-11日台风“海葵”影响江西期间作了分析，发现降水开始于GPS PW超过60 mm后2 h；强降水出现在GPS PW的高值段；GPS PW降至60 mm以下后降水随之结束。用水汽收支方程对GPS PW诊断分析发现：在台风影响初期，比湿平流是GPS PW增加的主要原因；台风影响中期，比湿平流减小，水平风的辐合成为GPS PW增加的主要原因；台风影响后期，水平风辐合的减弱、降水过程消耗水汽是GPS PW减小的主要原因。

英文摘要：

Three zenith hydrostatic delay （ZHD）models of Saastamoinen,Hopfield and Black are ad-justed by using sounding data and GPS/MET observations from Nanchang and Ganzhou in 201 0.These adjusted ZHD models not only reduce the model bias,but also improve the accuracy of ZHD.Compared with old ZHD models,the improved ZHD models are much closer to the sounding observations because they yield smaller bias and standard deviation from sounding data.Based on the GPS PW from Hopfield ZHD model （which has minimum bias）,the typhoon “Haikui”was analyzed during 7-1 1 August 201 2 when it influenced northeast of Jiangxi.Results showed that the precipitation occurred two hours after GPS PW exceeding 60 mm,became much heavy when GPS PW was high and finally came to the end when the GPS PW was less than 60 mm.In this paper,the variation of GPS PW in Jingdezhen located northeast of Jiangxi was diagnosed using water-vapor budget equation.Results showed that in the early stage of typhoon’s influence on Jiangxi,the specific humidity advection was the main cause for the in-crease of GPS PW.In the middle stage,the specific humidity advection weakened and the convergence of horizontal wind became the main cause for the increase and maintenance of GPS PW.In the late stage, the convergence of horizontal wind reduced rapidly and the water vapor consumed by rainfall was the main reason for the decrease of GPS PW.