中文摘要：

成熟mRNA的合成是一个复杂的过程,往往会产生错误.原核和真核细胞都在多水平进化出了mRNA监视机制,以保证mRNA的质量,甚至在翻译起始之后.真核生物胞质中有4种翻译依赖性的mRNA质量监视机制：无意义介导的降解、No-go降解、Non-stop降解和核糖体延伸介导的降解.这些机制不仅可以识别并迅速降解有缺陷的mRNA,控制mRNA质量,还都在调节基因表达方面具有重要作用,而且也与一些遗传病有关.本文主要综述了真核生物4种mRNA质量监视机制的研究进展,并对相关研究的应用前景做了展望.

英文摘要：

Production of mature mRNA consists of a highly complex pathway of synthesis,and errors often happen.Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have evolved remarkable surveillance mechanisms acting at several steps of mRNA biogenesis,even after translation initiation,to control mRNA quality.In eukaryotic cells,there are 4 translation-dependent mRNA surveillance pathways in cytoplasm,including nonsense-mediated decay（NMD）,no-go decay（NGD）,non-stop decay（NSD） and ribosome extension-mediated decay（REMD）.These mRNA surveillance systems not only contribute to recognize and rapidly degrades aberrant mRNAs,but also play an essential role in gene regulation,and associated with several human diseases.In this review,recent achievements in the investigation of eukaryotic mRNA surveillance pathways will be discussed,and their application perspective will also be speculated.