中文摘要：

RNA聚合酶（RNAP）在维持转录忠实性方面具有重要的作用,其忠实性机制可以分为特异性的底物选择和校对2种.RNAP高水平的底物选择忠实性主要基于碱基配对和诱导契合机制,而校对功能则通过焦磷酸解和RNAP内在的RNA剪切活性完成.现在,RNAP的研究已经超出了其在转录中的作用,延伸到了其他领域.本文主要论述了RNAP忠实性机制的研究进展,并将之与DNA聚合酶、氨酰-tRNA合成酶及核糖体的忠实性机制进行了比较.最后,论述了RNAP在新药或新药靶点开发中的作用,并对其应用前景进行了展望.

英文摘要：

RNA polymerase（RNAP） plays an important role in maintaining transcriptional fidelity,including substrate selectivity and proofreading.The high level of substrate selectivity is achieved by correct base-pairing and induced-fit,while pyrophosphorolysis and intrinsic nuclease activity of the RNAP both contribute significantly to proofreading.Now,the study of RNAP has exceeded beyond its transcriptional function,and extended to some other fields.The present study is mainly concerned with the advances of transcriptional fidelity and the comparison among RNAP,DNA polymerase,aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and ribosome.The application of RNAP in novel drug or novel drug target development and its application perspective are discussed in the study.