中文摘要：

综述了难熔金属的概况,包括资源现状、特性及应用。重点阐述了难熔金属氧化物直接制备难熔金属的新工艺研究,主要介绍了5种工艺方法：传统熔盐电解法、新熔盐电解法、金属热还原法、气体还原法和熔盐电沉积法。同时,对它们的研究现状,优、缺点以及相互之间的区别进行分析,并展望了难熔金属的发展趋势和应用前景。

英文摘要：

The general status of the refractory metal was reviewed including its resources situation, charac- teristics and application. The new technology research of directly prepared refractory metal from refractory metal oxide was significantly discussed. Five kinds of process methods were mainly introduced ： traditional molten salt electrolysis, new molten salt electrolysis, metallothermics, gas reduction method and molten salt electrodeposition method. At the same time, their research status, advantages and disadvantages and the difference between each other were also pointed out. And the development trends and application prospect of the refractory metal in future were prospected.