中文摘要：

激光成形薄壁件时，会因为熔覆件表面凹凸不平或挂渣现象影响成形件的表面精度甚至后续成形无法完成，针对这种情况，基于“增材制造”和“减材加工”的思路，提出了激光复合精确成形的方法，利用激光熔覆、表面形貌测量和激光铣削相结合，实现了成形高度表面和侧面精度的实时调控。其中，熔覆件表面三维宏观形貌测量是激光复合成形新方法中承上启下的重要环节，在以往的研究中，大多注重表面测量结果的分析，并没有使表面测量结果能被铣削加工直接利用，重点进行数据可视化软件的自主开发设计和尺寸精度的闭环控制功能实现。首先，系统通过高速轮廓仪与二维运动平台测量熔覆件表面形貌来采集数据；然后通过MATLAB初处理，获得表面高点和侧面凸点的大概范围；最后利用数据可视化处理软件，处理熔覆件凸点和高点，得到尺寸大小与熔覆件相同且能直接被激光铣削软件利用的图片文件。试验结果表明，处理得到的图片尺寸大小与实物一致，通过预览显示精确度很高，能被激光铣削软件直接利用；根据处理图片，激光设备可有效铣削高点和凸点区域，精度可达5μm，减少了熔覆件表面和侧面存在挂渣及层与层之间的台阶效应，完成熔覆件的三维精确铣削。

英文摘要：

When thin-walled parts are formed by laser cladding method, the rough surface and adhering slag would effected the precision of the final surface, even failed the subsequent forming. As for this situation, this article demonstrates a method of laser composite precision forming based on the principle of ＂Increasing material manufacturing＂ and ＂Reducing material processing＂, which means of laser cladding, 3D profilometer and laser milling, the real-time control of forming height surface and side surface accuracy is realized. In this new method, 3D profilometer is a very important link between the original laser forming and new method with laser milling, since the surface measure result was not directly used for laser milling in the previous studies, this article focuses on independent R＆D of data visualization software and closed loop control of dimensional accuracy. Firstly, the 3D profilometer system would collect the data by measuring the topography surface of the cladding parts with high speed profiler and 2D motion platform; Secondly, the range of the high area in surface and the side convex area would be obtained after the initial treatment by MATLAB system; Finally, the data visualization software would analyze the high area and side convex area to get the picture files of their size, which can be directly used by laser milling software. Test result showed that the picture files after analyzed was consistent with the image, the high accuracy preview can be directly used for laser milling; Laser milling can effectively milling the high and convex area, the milling accuracy could be 5 μm. This method reduces the step effect of hanging slag and layers which inhered in the cladding surface and side surface, and finally get the cladding parts with 3D precise milled.