中文摘要：

盐度是海水的基本特征之一。在开敞海和海岸带进行长期的盐度测量具有重要的意义。利用航空微波技术观测海水盐度的研究始于20世纪60年代末，经过20多年的不断探索，近10年来这一技术研究有了较大的进展。将被动式微波辐射计装在小型飞机上对海水表层盐度进行观测，可以获得同步、快速和大面积的海水表层盐度。目前，已有多种微波辐射计在不同国家和地区的河口海湾和海洋得到使用，如ESTAR、SI，FMR、STARRS、PALS和PLMR。使用航空遥感辐射计对海水进行观测，目前，校正后的盐度当分辨率为1km。时数据准确度和精度都可以达到1psu。利用最新研发的双偏光微波航空遥感技术有望使校正后的盐度数值精度和准确度控制在1psu以内。

英文摘要：

Salinity is a fundamental property of seawater. It plays an important role in measuring the sea surface salinity in the open ocean and coastal zone. At present, salinity is routinely measured by traditional methods of collection of water with bottles and analyses done with a laboratory salinometer, or by direct in situ CTD measurements, and by airborne microwave remote sensing system. The study of airborne microwave remote sensing technology began in 1960s, and great progress has been made in the past 10 years. The passive L-band microwave radiometer is mounted underneath the fuselage of an airplane and used to measure the sea water surface salinity and therefore the surface salinity can be obtained rapidly and synchronically in a large area. At present there are various microwave radiometers applied in different countries and areas such as ESTAR,SLFMR,STARRS,PALS, and PLMR. The accuracy and precision of surface salinity data obtained by the airborne microwave radiometers can reach 1-1.5 psu in a resolution of 1 km^2. It is expected that the accuracy and precision of the new microwave radiometer PLMR will be within 1 psu.