中文摘要：

变形和稳定性问题是岩土工程中需要解决的两个主要问题，尤其是在软土地基上修建公路，这两个问题就更加突出。从工程实用角度出发，将饱和软土地基视为Biot介质，假定路堤荷载瞬时施加，求得了地基中初始超静孔隙水压力的分布，以及有效应力的分布，进一步求得瞬时沉降和固结沉降。分析了压缩层厚度和土骨架泊松比对瞬时沉降和固结沉降的影响，为施工前填土方量计算、填筑结束后地基超静孔隙水压力分布和沉降计算提供了依据，其计算表达式简洁，便于工程应用。最后对一个工程实例进行了分析。

英文摘要：

Deformation and stabilization are two important questions encountered in geotechnical engineering, especially for embankments constructed on soft soil foundations. For calculation convenience, assuming that soft soil foundation be Biot medium and embankment loading be exerted instantaneously, initial excess pore pressure and effective stress distribution are obtained. Furthermore, the initial settlement and the consolidation settlement are achieved. Influences of thickness of the compression layer and Possion＇s ratio of soil skeleton on the settlement are analyzed. These solutions are convenient to be used to calculate the quantities of the embankment fill, the excess pore water pressure distribution, and the settlement. These formulas are employed to analyze a practical engineering case.