中文摘要：

为了得到煤田露头火区地表塌陷和上覆岩层破坏机理，通过火区实地考察结合理论分析的方法，揭示了地表塌陷的实质是火区上覆岩层的移动，且分为连续变形破坏和非连续变形破坏，将火区上覆岩层的破坏形式归纳为弯曲变形、移动垮落、岩体滑动、滑落充填、基岩滑移，并划分了煤田露头火区的“三带”，其高度的确定可依据采空区“三带”的计算方法进行判定。运用弹性力学方法分析得出了火区上下盘岩体的应力分量表达式，以及最大剪应力作用面的方位变化规律。

英文摘要：

In order to understand the mechanism of ground subsidence and overlying rock strata failure in coalfield outcrop fire area, in-situ investigation, associated with theoretical analy- sis, disclosed that the nature of ground subsidence is the movement of overlying rock layer which could be divided into the continuous deformation failure and the discontinuous one. The types of overlying rock layer failure in fire area could be summarized as bending deformation, moving col- lapse, rockmass sliding, slide filling and bedrock sliding. In addition, ＂three zones＂ of coalfield outcrop fire area and their heights were defined according to calculation method for ＂three zones＂ in gob. Elastic mechanics was conducted to analyze stress component expression of hangingwall and footwall rockmass in fire area and azimuthal variation law of maximum shear stress plane.