中文摘要：

通过设置在陇中黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区连续15年的保护性耕作长期定位试验,研究了传统耕作（T）、免耕（NT）、免耕结合秸秆覆盖（NTS）、传统耕作结合秸秆还田（TS）4种不同耕作措施下土壤蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、过氧化物酶和脱氢酶在春小麦不同生育期的动态变化。结果表明：1）整个生育期0-30cm土层中,与T处理相比,NTS处理可以显著提高土壤蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、过氧化物酶、脱氢酶活性,在整个生育期分别增加了45.28%、60.05%、42.86%、23.75%、31.79%;NT与TS对其表现出不同的阶段性效应。2）相关分析表明五种酶活性除蔗糖酶与过氧化物酶外,均达到极显著正相关。3）生育期与耕作措施对土壤酶活性的影响不同,其中生育期对上述研究的5种酶活性影响极显著,耕作措施对土壤蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和脱氢酶影响极显著,二者交互作用对土壤淀粉酶、过氧化物酶及脱氢酶影响极显著。

英文摘要：

Long -term conservation tillage experiments at Dingxi in the Rain -fed field of western Loess Plateau in Gansu province were conducted for researching the effects of four types of different tillage methods （including con- ventional tillage（T）, no tillage no stubble retention （NT）, no tillage with stubble retention （NTS） conventional tillage with stubble retention （TS） on soil invertase, diastase, cellulose, peroxidase and dehydrogenase activities during the spring wheat growing season. The results showed that compared to T method, NTS method could signifi- cantly increased soil invertase, diastase, cellulose, peroxidase and dehydrogenase activities, by 45.28%, 60. 05% , 42.86% , 23.75% and 31.79%, respectively at 0 - 30cm depth during spring wheat growing seasons ; while the effects of NT method and TS method on soil enzyme activities were seasonal. Correlation analysis showed that significantly positive correlation was found in the five kinds of soil enzyme activities except soil invertase and perox- idase. The effects of different growing periods and tillage methods on soil enzyme activities were different; the effects of the growing seasons on the all kinds of soil enzyme activities were the greatest, and of the tillage methods on the soil invertase, diatase, cellulose and dehydrogenase activities were the greatest. The interaction of factors have a great influence on soil diastase, peroxidase and dehydrogenase activities.