中文摘要：

针对碳酸盐岩中化学爆炸地震勘探激发地震波能量弱、频率高、信噪比低的现状，为对炮孔装药结构提出合理的改进措施，建立了耦合与不耦合装药孔壁爆炸载荷及透射波能量的计算模型，并借助MAT—LAB编程计算得到解析解。同时在灰岩场地进行了装药不耦合系数Ka对地震波能量影响的现场实验，应用基于功率谱的能量分析方法对实验数据进行了分析。理论计算和现场实验研究均表明：地震波信号总能量随着Ka的增大而减小；但是当Ka—1．5时，采集的地震波信号主频低、信噪比最高。因此在实际碳酸盐岩储层中，可采用Ka-1．5的装药结构形式，同时通过加大炮孔装药量以弥补地震信号总能量，从而改善地震勘探激发效果。

英文摘要：

Aimed at the following characteristics of the explosion excitation seismic wave in carbonate rocks which including weak energy, high frequency and low signal-to-noise ratio, a non-coupling charge coefficient of the seismic source was defined to improve the hole-charge structure. Calculation models were proposed for explosion load and transmitted wave energy, and the corresponding analytical solutions were calculated by programming in MATLAB. And then, the field experimentation was conducted and the experimental data were analyzed by using the energy analysis method based on power spectra. Both the theoretical calculation and the field experimentation show that the total transmitted wave energy is smaller when the non-coupling charge coefficient is bigger, but the main frequency of the seismic wave is lower and the signal-to-noise ratio is the highest when the non-coupling coefficient is 1. 5. So, in the actual seismic exploration, the non-coupling charge coefficient of 1.5 can be adopted and the total seismic energy can be augmented by increasing the total charge mass in order to improve the seismic excitation effect.