中文摘要：

将吸附结晶紫后的废弃膨润土在氮气保护下600℃加热3 h,用HF和HCl洗掉其中的膨润土片层,得到了一种新型碳纳米材料.对碳材料进行了XRD、TEM、N2吸附-脱附表征,研究结果显示,该材料石墨化程度较高,其2θ角在26.1°处有明显的峰衍射,接近于石墨烯在26.48°的峰;TEM表征结果显示碳材料为薄层皱褶结构.N2-BET测得所制材料比表面积为77.6 m2·g-1.对比了该碳材料和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）改性膨润土以及减电荷四甲基氯化铵（TMA）改性膨润土常温下吸附硝基苯的效果,发现该材料对硝基苯吸附效果远胜于两种改性膨润土.吸附热力学实验显示吸附过程为放热和熵减少的自发过程.

英文摘要：

A new carbon nanomaterials was prepared by bentonite which montmorillonite slice have been removed by HF and HCl after adsorbing crystal violet completely and then heated in tubular furnace at 600 ℃. The X-ray diffraction indicate that the most characteristic XRD peaks is at 26. 1°,similar to the graghene,which confirm this nanomaterials have a high degree of graphitization at26. 48°. TEM characterization results show that the structure of the carbon material is thin folds.Simultaneously,super purity of this materials could be confirmed by absent of other strong diffraction peak. The specific surface area（ SSA） of this nanomaterials is 77. 6 m2· g- 1by using N2-adsorption-desorption. The adsorption capacity to nitrobenzene of this nanomaterials is much better than other two modified bentonite after contrast to the CTMAB-bentonite and less charge TMAbentonite. The thermodynamic experiment confirm that this adsorption is spontaneous with the characteristic of exothermic reaction and entropy reduction.