中文摘要：

目的识别《伤寒论》所载各汤剂之君药，探讨其共性与特点，以便深入学习《伤寒论》制方理论，灵活运用《伤寒论》方剂。方法以明代赵开美宋刻本《伤寒论》为样本，选取所载汤剂，运用方剂计量学方法识别各方之君药，测算其君药指数，分析其性味、归经特点，同时对比所判定君药与古代医家所认定君药的符合程度。结果对《伤寒论》88首汤剂进行君药识别，其中有1味君药者79首，2味君药者9首，共97味君药，去除重复后共得充当君药药物31味。君药指数统计，豆豉（0．80）最大，其次为赤石脂、麻黄、柴胡、半夏等。研究判定君药与文献既定君药符合率为76．9％。君药与非君药特性比较，君药之温药大于非君药，而其寒药小于非君药；君药之辛味药大于非君药，而其甘味药小于非君药；君药之归脾胃膀胱肾经者大于非君药。结论运用方剂计量学识别君药的指标和方法，可以为《伤寒论》方药研究和运用提供科学依据。

英文摘要：

Objective To identify the sovereign medicinal in decocting formulas in Shanghanlun, and discuss their commonness and characteristics in order to study deeply the theory of formula design in Shanghanlun and apply flexibly the formulas. Methods A Song Dynasty block-printed edition of Shanghanlun （inscribed by ZHAO Kai-mei in the Ming Dynasty） was taken as a sample, and decocting formulas were selected from it. The sovereign medicinal were identified by using formula metrology method. The indexes of sovereign medicinal were calculated, and their characteristics of nature, flavors and meridian entry were analyzed. The degree of coincidence between identified sovereign medicinal in the paper and those affirmed by ancient physicians was compared. Results The identification of sovereign medicinal in 88 decocting formulas was carried out in Shanghanlun, and among them there were 79 formulas with 1 sovereign medicinal and 9 with 2, therefore there were 97 sovereign medicinal totally. After removing repeated ones, there were 31 sovereign medicinal. The statistics of indexes of sovereign medicinal showed that the indexe of Douchi （Semen Sojae Praeparatum, O. 80 ） was the highest, and indexes of Chishizhi （ Halloysitum Rubrum）, Mahuang （Herba Ephedrae）, Chaihu （ Radix Bupleuri） and Banxia （Rhizoma Pinelliae） were secondly high. The coincidence rate was 76. 9% between identified sovereign medicinal in the paper and those affirmed by ancient physicians. The comparison in the features between sovereign medicinal and non-sovereign medicinal showed that the medicinal with warm nature were more and those with cold nature were less in sovereign medicinal than those in non-sovereign medicinal, the medicinal with pungent flavor were more and those with sweet flavor were less in sovereign medicinal than those in non-sovereign medicinal, and the medicinal entering meridians of spleen, stomach, bladder and kidney were more in sovereign medicinal than those in non- sovereign medicinal. Conclusion The identificatio