中文摘要：

甲基汞具有强烈的生物毒性和生物积累性,环境中甲基汞的产生主要与微生物相关,同时微生物也能通过去甲基化作用使甲基汞转变为无机汞.然而,目前国内外研究主要集中在汞的甲基化机理及影响因素,对汞的微生物去甲基化研究甚少.本文综述了汞的微生物甲基化、去甲基化研究史,以及微生物的主要作用机理,并对相关研究进行了展望,指出微生物酶促甲基化与氧化去甲基化机理研究将是以后工作的重点.

英文摘要：

Methyl mercury has a strong bio-toxicity to livings and bioaccumulates in the food chain.The environmental process of mercury methlation mainly related to microorganisms,which could also degrade methyl mercury to inorganic mercury through de-methylation.However,current researches on mercury microorganism interactions mainly focus on mercury methylation mechanism and its affecting factors,and little attends to the microbial methyl mercury reduction.This manuscript reviewed the progress and mechanism of microbial methylation and de-methylation.In the future,mechanisms of microbial enzymatic methyl mercury methylation and oxidative methyl mercury de-methylation should be emphasized.