中文摘要：

双孢蘑菇是世界第一大宗栽培食用菌,具有重要经济价值。为探讨双孢蘑菇子实体不同发育时期基因表达变化,利用高通量测序技术对双孢蘑菇原基期、采收期和开伞后期等不同发育时期进行RNA‐Seq分析,共筛选到6 328个差异表达基因,其中3 941个上调基因,2 387个下调基因。Gene Ontology（GO）功能聚类分析表明,差异表达基因主要富集在结合、催化分子功能组和代谢过程生物学通路中,且发育过程和有性繁殖相关的基因全部为上调表达,以利于细胞分化发育形成成熟子实体进入生殖生长阶段。KEGG功能富集分析结果表明,差异基因参与了氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、核苷酸代谢、脂类代谢和能量代谢这五大代谢通路,其中差异基因主要富集在氨基酸代谢通路中,氨基酸合成相关的多数基因上调表达,表明双孢蘑菇子实体发育形成需要一系列代谢反应协同调控,氨基酸代谢相关基因可能在双孢蘑菇子实体发育过程中起重要作用。本文通过全面分析双孢蘑菇子实体发育时期基因表达变化,获得了大量转录本信息,为深入了解双孢蘑菇子实体发育调控分子机理和相关功能基因提供了重要的基因数据资源。

英文摘要：

Agaricus bisporus, one of the most commercially cultivated mushroom in the world, has an important economic value. To better understand the gene expression changes of fruiting body development in Agaricus bisporus, transcriptome sequencing and gene expression analysis were adopted to investigate differentially expressed genes by using RNA sequencing approach. A total of 6 328 differential expressed genes were identified at the pinhead stage, closed cup stage and flat two stage of fruiting body. Among them, 3 941 unigenes were up-regulated and 2 387 unigenes were down-regulated. The Gene Ontology classification showed that, the differentially expressed genes were mostly enriched in binding, catalytic molecular functions and metabolic process biological pathway. All the transcripts associated with developmental and reproduction processes were up-regulated, which implicated that the increased gene expression lever can facilitate the cell differentiation from vegetative mycelium to generative mycelium. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the differential expressed genes were involved in five most represented pathways including nucleotide metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Of these, most transcripts related to amino acid synthesis were up-regulated, suggesting that amino acid metabolism might play an important role in the development process of fruiting. In this study, the differentially expressed genes were obtained by analysis of transcriptional level in Agaricus bisporus at various stages of development process, and the results provide important information in exploring the potential genes responsible for the formation of fruiting body and revealing the molecular mechanism of the development in Agaricus bisporus.