中文摘要：

采用AFLP标记检测海南岛青梅7个主要自然居群192株个体的遗传多样性及遗传结构。应用筛选出的6对引物共扩增出频率大于5.00%的位点777个,其中多态位点比例为99.61%（774）。在种级水平上,Nei’s基因多样性指数（H）为0.2661,Shannon多态性信息指数（I）为0.4204;总基因多样度（Ht）为0.2684。居群水平的平均多态性位点数和多态性比例为617个和79.45%;H和I平均值分别为0.2153和0.3352。遗传分化指数（Fst）和基因流（Nm）分别为0.1980和1.0127。UPGMA聚类和遗传距离与空间距离相关性分析结果表明,居群间遗传亲缘关系与其地理位置关系不明显（P=0.2300,r^2=0.2325）。综合研究结果表明,青梅具有较高的遗传多样性,居群间有一定的遗传分化。建议采取人工促进天然林下层苗木生长和人工造林等措施,促进现有青梅居群遗传多样性保育和发展。

英文摘要：

Genetic variation and structure of seven populations of Vatica mangachapoi on Hainan Island were investigated by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism （AFLP） method. A total of 777 highly reproducible and discernible loci （frequency 〉 5.00% ） were generated from 192 individuals of 7 natural populations with 6 primer combinations, of which polymorphic loci were 99.61 %. On the species level, total gene diversity （ Ht ） was 0. 268 4; Nei＇s gene diversity （H） and Shannon information index （I） were 0.266 1 and 0.420 4 respectively. On the population level, mean percentage and number of polymorphic loci were 79.45% and 617 respectively; the means of H and I were 0.215 3 and 0.335 2 respectively. The gene flow （Nm） was 1 .012 7, and there existed 80.20% of genetic variance within populations （Fst = 0. 198 0）. The UPGMA analysis and mantel test showed that there was no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance （ r^2 = 0.232 5, P = 0.230 0）. The results showed that V. mangachapoi possessed high genetic diversity on both population and species levels and a certain genetic differentiation among the populations. It is suggested that the conservation and development of existing genetic diversity of V. mangachapoi should be enhanced by suitable human interferences and afforestation approaches.