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中文摘要：
在平面波假设条件下，如果线列阵各阵元之间的噪声相互独立，则其空间增益可按简单公式计算。而在浅海环境中，由于到达垂直线列阵的声波并不满足平面波假设，其空间增益需要作出正确估计。提出了一种计算垂直阵空间增益的方法，并通过典型浅海环境下的仿真数据，分析了声源位置、阵元数量、基阵深度和信号频率等因素对空间增益的影响，得到了典型配置下的空间增益值，对水声系统的设计具有参考价值。
英文摘要：
If it is assumed that the incident signal is plane wave and the noises of array elements are statistically independent, the spatial gain of a linear array can be calculated with simple equation. However, in shallow water, because the arrival signals of the vertical linear array are not plane waves, the spatial gain needs to be estimated properly. An approach to calculate the spatial gain in shallow water is demonstrated. Using synthetic and real data, the spatial gain, which is important for designing underwater system, is analyzed with different factors such as the source depth, the number of elements, the depth of array and the signal frequency.
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