中文摘要：

地下水流量衰减分析是水文地质学和水文学的一种重要方法,衰减方程的研究又是衰减分析研究的重要内容。对基于含水层水流方程、流域蓄-泄关系和经验关系的地下水流量衰减方程进行了归纳总结,共整理了16个较常使用的衰减方程,阐述了每一个衰减方程的由来、方程参数含义及其应用情况,其中指数衰减方程应用最为广泛。最后提出了研究展望：（1）研究水文地质条件与衰减方程的对应关系;（2）新衰减方程的研究;（3）采用数值试验方法进行衰减方程的研究。

英文摘要：

In hydrogeology and hydrology,it is important to study attenuation equation,which is the main part of flow attenuation analysis. Sixteen common attenuation equations are proposed from three kinds of groundwater flow attenuation equation based on flow equation of aquifer, the storage-outflow theory of watershed and empirical relation. Furthermore,the origin,meaning of equation parameter and application of all sixteen attenuation equations is described respectively. It shows that exponential attenuation equation is widely used. Finally,some prospects are discussed including relationship of hydro-geological parameters,exploration of new attenuation equation and application of numerical experiments.