中文摘要：

通过酸腐蚀去合金法处理热扩散制备的铜基表面铜锌合金得到纳米多孔铜（NPC）材料．以NPC为载体，采用超声辅助化学镀制备Ni．B／NPC合金电极．x射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）表明Ni—B／NPC电极呈现由高分散纳米颗粒组成的非晶态结构．计时电流法（cA）结果表明化学镀5min制备的Ni．B／NPC电极具有最大的电化学活性表面积（EASA）．循环伏安法（cv）结果表明，与块状镍电极相比，碱性介质中在Ni—B／NPC电极上葡萄糖起始氧化电位负移39mV，氧化峰电流提高了18．9倍．采用线性扫描伏安法（LSV）、CA和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）N定Ni—B／NPC电极对葡萄糖电催化氧化的电子转移系数㈣、电催化氧化反应速率常数（∞和葡萄糖的扩散系数（D）等动力学参数．结果表明高分散Ni．B／NPC非晶态合金电极对碱性介质中葡萄糖的氧化具有较高的电催化活性和稳定性．

英文摘要：

As glucose is the richest carbohydrate in nature and has extremely high energy density, direct glucose fuel cell （DGFC） is considered to be a promising power source. Catalyst is the key to the development of DGFC. The expensive noble metal catalysts hinder their commercial applications. Ni is a cheap metal with an excellent catalytic performance. Ni and its compounds using glassy carbon as the carrier have been developed for glucose oxidation, but the smooth surface of glassy carbon could not be conductive to dispersion of nanoparticles. The development of nanoporous materials may overcome the drawback. In this experiment, Cu-based surface Cu-Zn alloy was prepared by thermal diffusion and Nanoporous Copper （NPC） with high surface area was prepared by removing of Zn element from the alloy in 5% H2SO4 solution. NPC supported Nickel-Boron （Ni-B/NPC） alloy electrode was fabricated by ultrasonic-assisted electroless plating. The Ni-B/NPC alloy elec- trode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and electrochemical methods. XRD and SEM results showed Ni-B alloy electrode was amorphous structure with high dispersion of Ni-B nanoparticles. Chronoamperometry （CA） result found the prepared Ni-B/NPC amorphous alloy electrode with ultrasonic for 5 min had the highest electrochemical active surface area （EASA） and surface roughness. The CV results of glucose oxidation at the Ni-B/NPC amorphous alloy electrode showed the onset oxidation potential had a negative shift of 39 mV and the oxidation peak current density increased by 18.9 times compared with the bulk Ni electrode in alkaline media. Meanwhile, the kinetic parameters of electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose at the Ni-B/NPC amorphous alloy electrode were determined by linear sweep voltammetry （LSV）, CA method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）, such as charge transfer coeffi- cient （fl）, catalytic rate constant （k） and diffusion coefficient （D）. The results indicated t