中文摘要：

目的了解黄河水系微生物污染现况，探讨在不同季节、不同地点主要微生物学指标的变化规律，为制定地表水微生物学标准提供科学依据。方法于2010-2011年丰水期和枯水期对黄河流域的4个干流断面（兰州、包头、郑州、济南）和1个支流断面（西安）进行地表水采样，主要对菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌、大肠埃希菌、肠球菌进行检测，根据GB3838--2002（地表水环境质量标准》进行水质评价，并对温度与微生物学指标之间的关联性进行分析。结果兰州、西安、郑州断面耐热大肠菌污染比较严重，均属于劣Ⅴ类水质；包头断面属于Ⅲ类水质；济南断面属于Ⅱ类水质。总体水平上，丰水期和枯水期以及岸边和河心水样微生物指标的差异无统计学意义。肠球菌和总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌之间呈正相关且有统计学意义（P=0．011）。结论本次调查的黄河水系5个断面中有4个存在不同程度的微生物污染，微生物指标之间有相关性。

英文摘要：

Objective To know the statue of microbial pollution in Yellow River system and the spatial and temporal distribution of microbiological indicators, provide a scientific basis for the development of surface water microbiology standards. Methods The water samples were collected from five sections of Yellow River in September （high flow period） and March （low flow period）, 2011-2012. Main microbiological indicators,such as total bacteria count,total coliforms,fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus were investigated. Results Lanzhou, Xi＇an, Zhengzhou sections were serious polluted by fecal coliforms, which belonged to grade Ⅴ of water quality. Baotou section belonged to grade Ⅲ of water quality. Ji＇nan section belonged to grade Ⅱ of water quality. The Enterococcus level was statistically and positively correlated with total coliforms and fecal coliforms. Conclusion Four among five sections of Yellow River system present microbial contamination in different degree, and there are significant correlations between microbial indicators.