中文摘要：

利用聚乙烯醇（PVA）为唯一碳源的筛选培养基对PVA包装薄膜工厂排污口处的活性污泥进行筛选,并研究薄膜助剂对PVA降解性的影响。通过透明圈实验对菌株进行筛选,并经形态学及显微镜观察进行初步鉴定。从定性和定量角度,分别利用透明圈实验和紫外分光光度法研究薄膜助剂对PVA降解性的影响。结果表明：10株PVA降解菌中降解效果最佳的菌株XP-02鉴定为青霉菌;研究还发现,当PVA包装薄膜中的助剂浓度为0.05 g/L时,均能提高PVA的降解效果。其中,PVA包装薄膜中添加增塑剂（聚乙二醇）、表面活性剂（十二烷基苯磺酸钠）、乳化剂（吐温-80）可以使PVA的降解率分别提高5.01%,8.67%,11.21%。通过在PVA包装薄膜中添加适量聚乙二醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、吐温-80的可以提高PVA的生物降解率,但各组分最适比例还需要进一步研究进行确定。

英文摘要：

Poly vinyl alcohol（ PVA） was used as the sole carbon source in the medium to isolate PVA degrading bacterium from an activated sludge of water soluble PVA packaging film factory. The effect of additives on PVA degradability was researched. The PVA degradable bacterium was screened after transparent circle experiment and was preliminary identified through morphology and optical microscope observation. From the perspective of qualitative and quantitative,the PVA degradable influence of film additives was investigated after transparent circle experiment and ultraviolet spectroscopy respectively. The results showed that the strain XP- 02 had best degradation effect in ten PVA degradable bacterium and was preliminary identified as penicillium. Additives in the PVA packaging film can increase the degradable effect. By increasing the plasticizer polyethylene glycol（ PEG）,surface active agent sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate（ SDBS）,and emulsifying agent（ tween- 80）,the biodegradation rate of PVA was increased by 5. 01%,8. 67%,11. 21%,respectively. By increasing the content of PEG,SDBS and tween- 80 in PVA packaging film,the biodegradation rate of PVA can be improved. These findings pave the way for further research on determination of the optimum proportion of additives described above.