中文摘要：

自从2002年《自然》杂志发表了第1篇用同种或异种睾丸组织移植进行的生精细胞体外发育研究以来，该技术被广泛应用于不同种类动物（包括人类）睾丸组织的体外成熟的探讨。这种采用免疫缺陷动物作为受体，同种或异种睾丸组织为供体的技术与其他生精细胞体外成熟方法相比具有环境条件较易控制、重复性较好等优点。迄今为止，在用小鼠、仓鼠、猫、兔、猪、山羊、牛和恒河猴等动物睾丸组织进行的移植研究中，未成熟生精细胞在作为受体的裸鼠体内均发育到精子阶段，并通过卵细胞胞质内单精子注射（ICSI）技术，用发育成的小鼠、兔精子分别产生了下一代。本文总结了供体组织的种类和年龄，受体的性别、完整性、免疫状况和移植部位以及移植时间对移植物发育的影响，概述了近几年来采用该技术所进行的睾丸组织移植研究发展现状，并对该技术的应用以及存在的问题进行了讨论。

英文摘要：

Since Nature published the first report in 2002 on using immunodeficient mice as recipients and allogeneous or heterogeneous testes as donor tissues to study the ectopic development of spermatogenic cells, the technique has been widely applied in various species （including human）. In comparison with other in vitro maturation methods for male germ cells, testicular allografting or xenografting technique has such advantages as similar environment for the development of germ cells in physiological conditions, and better reproducibility. Up to now, sperm has been successfully produced by this technique from the testicular tisues of the immature mouse, hamster, cat, rabbit, pig, goat, bovine and rhesus monkey, and their offspring have even been generated by ICSI technique using the mouse and rabbit sperm derived from testis grafts. This article comprehensively reviews the development of the technique by discussing the influencing factors on the germ cell development in grafts including the variety and age of donors, the sex, integrity and immunity of recipients, the graft location and grafting time. And the applications of the technique and the existing problems are discussed as well.