中文摘要：

再生纤维素纤维以可再生、可生物降解的天然纤维素为原料，它的研究和开发对充分利用纤维素资源和促进纤维行业的可持续发展具有重要意义。离子液体和碱溶液溶剂体系对纤维素具有独特的溶解性能，为再生纤维素纤维的制备提供了新方法。这种新型的再生纤维素纤维具有制备过程简单、对环境无污染、纤维力学性能优异或生产成本低等优点，发展前景十分广阔。综述了离子液体法和碱溶液法再生纤维素纤维的最新研究进展，包括溶剂种类及其溶解能力、纤维素原料的性质与选择、纤维的制备方法和力学性能等，同时归纳和对比了各因素对新型再生纤维素纤维力学性能的影响。最后展望了两种新型再生纤维素纤维存在的挑战、未来发展趋势和工业化前景。

英文摘要：

Research and development of regenerated cellulose fibers prepared from renewable and biodegradable natural cellulose is of great significance to making full use of cellulose resources and promoting sustainable development of fiber industry. Recently, novel regenerated cellulose fibers have been prepared from ionic liquids and alkaline solution systems due to their excellent solubility for cellulose. The preparation processes of these fibers are comparatively simple and cause less pollution than that of the traditional techniques. The fibers produced by the ionic liquids method have excellent mechanical properties, while the fibers produced by the alkaline solution method are comparatively inexpensive. The recent developments of novel regenerated cellulose fibers using ionic liquids and alkaline solution systems as solvents are reviewed, including types of solvents, selection of raw materials, preparation methods and mechanical properties of the fibers. The effects of various factors on the physical properties of novel fibers are also summarized and compared. The challenges and future research trends of novel regenerated cellulose fibers are suggested.