中文摘要：

基于扭曲向列型液晶空间光调制器的旋光特性，根据空间光调制器所加电压和加载相位与旋光角度的对应关系，设计了可以生成多种涡旋矢量光的通用光路。利用该原理和光路系统，在实验上生成了多种携带轴对称相位的矢量光以及图案般复杂的矢量光，观察和检测了它们的偏振特性，获得了较好的实验结果。并且模拟了具有涡旋相位的矢量光的紧聚焦场，分析了它们的紧聚焦特性。由于这种生成矢量光的方法光路装置简单、操作容易，产生矢量光的过程中几乎不损失能量，并且不存在聚焦过程，因此在如强激光矢量光束与物质相互作用、激光加速等方面具有重要的应用潜力。

英文摘要：

We propose a vector beam generation method based on the spatial light modulator composed of twisted nematic liquid crystal. According to the relation between the rotation angle and the applied voltage on the spatial light modulator, a common optical system for generating a variety of vector beams is designed in experiments. By using this common optical system, a variety of vector beams in axisymmetric phases as well as the complex vector beams are generated, and their polarization characteristics are observed and measured experimentally, where a tight focusing field is obtained, and this may be applied in optical tweezers and lithography. In addition, the device structure is simple and easy to operate, its e？ciency of producing vector beam is very high and the laser spectral characteristics are not changed in the proposed generation of vector beams. Therefore, the method we proposed can find important potential applications in strong laser of vector beams interacting with matter, and laser acceleration, etc.