中文摘要：

发掘甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）产量相关数量性状位点（quantitative trait loci, QTL）有利于对其产量进行遗传改良。本研究以从各地收集的221份甜瓜地方品种为实验材料，采用分布于甜瓜12条染色体上的66个SSR标记对其基因型进行鉴定，在分析群体结构的基础上，采用全基因组关联分析策略分析甜瓜果实横径、果实纵径、果肉厚度、单果鲜重、种子千粒重和小区产量6个产量相关性状与SSR标记的关联。结果表明，甜瓜地方品种的表型和分子变异均较丰富，表型性状Shannon＇s指数平均值为1.69，SSR多态性信息含量平均值为0.576，整个群体可分为3个亚群；共检测到24个标记与6个产量相关性状关联，其中8个标记的关联达到极显著水平（P〈0.01），位点（次）累计47个；部分标记与2或2个以上的性状相关联：5个标记与果实横径关联，解释率变幅5.50%~14.08%，6个与果实纵径关联，解释率变幅6.07%~14.22%；7个与果肉厚度关联，解释率变幅4.85%~11.22%；11个与单果鲜重关联，解释率变幅6.25%~14.22%；4个与种子千粒重关联，解释率变幅5.63%~10.50%；14个与小区产量关联，解释率变幅4.74%~16.08%；一些标记的关联定位结果与已报道的遗传连锁图中相应性状QTL定位结果一致，但也有互补性。研究结果显示，上述关联位点及其所在基因组区域内存在许多影响甜瓜产量相关性状的QTL位点，这些位点将为甜瓜产量的分子改良提供重要的遗传信息。

英文摘要：

Exploring the quantitative trait loci （QTL） of yield-related traits in melon （Cucumis melo L.） is helpful to the genetic improvement of melon yield. Total 221 melon landraces collected from various regions in China were used as experimental population in present study. The melon population was genotyped with 66 SSR markers that evenly distribute through the 12 melon chromosomes. On the basis of identification of population structure, genome-wide association study （GWAS） was applied to analyze the association between the SSR markers and the six yield-related traits, including fruit diameter, fruit length, thickness of fruit flesh, fresh weight of single fruit, 1000-seed weigh, and yield per plot. The results showed that the melon landraces were rich in variation at phenotype and molecular level, with phenotypic Shannon＇s index of 1.69 and SSR polymorphic information content of 0.576, and this population with diverse accessions was suitable for GWAS. All the accessions were divided into three subgroups by the mathematical model-based cluster in Structure software; the information on the subgroup was used for the next GWAS. The GLM （general linear mode） program in TASSEL software was run to make regression analysis of the phenotypic data and molecular marker data. Twenty four markers were found to associate with the six traits, of which 8 marker associations were significantly different at P〈0.01. These markers distributed throughout the 11 linkage groups （LGs） besides LG 12, implying a complex genetic composition of the yield-related traits. Fourty seven marker-trait associations were detected herein, five for fruit diameter with an explanation of phenotypic variation （R2） range of 5.50%~14.08%, six for fruit length with a R2 range of 6.07%~14.22%, 7 for thickness of fruit flesh with a R2 range of 4.85%~11.22%, 11 for fresh weight of single fruit with a R2 range of 6.25%~14.22%, 4 for 1000-seed weight with a R2 range of 5.63%~10.50%, and 14 for yield per plot with a R2 range of 47.4%~16.