中文摘要：

目的探讨同种异体移植嗅黏膜胶质细胞修复鼠坐骨神经缺损的效果。方法异体嗅黏膜胶质细胞培养2周后纯化、浓缩备用。60只成年雌性Wistar鼠随机分成对照组（A组，n=30，）和实验组（B组，n=30）。左侧坐骨神经切除25mm长轴突，保留神经外膜吻合于近端，将细胞培养液、嗅黏膜胶质细胞分别植入A、B组神经外膜腔内。术后3个月，通过大体形态、光镜及透射电镜观察、逆行标记荧光红运输距离、免疫荧光检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）浓度及神经生长因子（NGF）浓度、伤肢功能评分、ELISA检测髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）浓度及神经丝蛋白（NF）浓度评估神经缺损的修复效果。结果B组神经缺损完全再生，而A组较差；荧光红在神经中运行距离，B组长于A组（P〈0．01）；NGF及GFAP浓度，B组浓于A组；MBP浓度及NF浓度，B组高于A组（P〈0．01）；伤肢功能评分，B组高于A组（P〈0．01）。有髓神经纤维数和神经纤维总数，B组高于A组（P〈0．01）。结论嗅黏膜胶质细胞移植能促进Wistar鼠坐骨神经长段缺损再生。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate whether or not allografted olfactory mucosa gliacytes could repair peripheral nerve injure. Methods Olfactory mucosa gliacytes had been cultured in vitro for 2 weeks, then purified and condensed for later transplantation. Sixty adult female Wistar rats were randomized into 2 groups of 30 rats each, A （control） and B （test）. Rats＇ left sciatic nerves were excised 25 mm long axons and retained epineuria lumen anastomosed to proximal ends. Culture mediums, and olfactory mucosa gliacytes were transplanted into epineuria lumen of A and B groups respectively. At 3 months postoperatively, the regenerations of injured sciatic nerves were evaluated by methods of macroscopy, photomicroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, retro-marked fluorescence red, the condensation of glial fibre acid protein （GFAP） and nerve growth factors（NF） assayed by immunofluorescence, and the concentration of myelin basic protein （MBP） and neurofilament protein （NF） assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results The regenerations of injured sciatic nerves were superior in B group to in A group; the transportation distance of retro-marked fluorescence red were longer in B group than in A group（ P 〈 0. 01 ）. The condensations of GFAP and NGF were more dense in B group than in A group. The concentrations of MBP and NF were more high in B group than in A group（P 〈0. 01 ）. The function scores of injured limbs were superior in B group to in A group（P 〈0.01 ）. The quantifications of nerve fibers and myelin fibers of injured sciatic nerve were larger in B group than in A group （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion Allografted olfactory mucosa gliacytes could repair injured nerve defect.