中文摘要：

土壤水分空间变化是流域水量平衡、水资源管理及利用、林分空间结构调控及土壤水资源植被承载力等研究的热点和关键科学问题。本文按照流域海拔、坡向、坡度、土壤层次、植被类型等不同,布设45个土壤水分监测探头,设置15分钟获取一个数据,对已取得的50万个数据利用变异系数等方法进行分析。结果表明：（1）土壤水分随海拔升高呈波动性增多趋势,可拟合关系式为Sw=0.025 3a-52.546（R2=0.651 5）;（2）半阴坡土壤水分比半阳坡高出1.2倍、比阳坡高出1.7倍,半阳坡土壤水分比阳坡高出1.4倍;（3）小于25°的范围内,坡度越大,土壤水分越小;大于25°的范围内,坡度越大,土壤水分越大;（4）亚高山灌丛林土壤水分比乔木林高出1.5倍、比草地高出1.7倍,乔林土壤水分比草地高出1.2倍;（5）除苔藓枯落物覆盖较盖的土壤水分垂直变化从上到下依次表现出高高低的变化趋势外,其它的均表现出低高低的空间变化特点;（6）乔木林缘和阳坡草地土壤水分变异最大,半阳坡草地次之,其它区域的土壤水分变异最小。研究结论可为探索流域水资源管理及利用提供科学依据和参考资料。

英文摘要：

It was the hot spot and key scientific problems that spatial variation characteristics of soil moisture in water balance of basin, water resources management and utilization, regulation and control of stand spatial structure and soil vegetation carrying capacity for water resources. In this paper, according to the basin elevation, slope direction, slope, soil layers, vegetation types, lay out 45 soil moisture detectors and obtain a data every other 15 minutes and analyze 500 000 data by using the methods of variation coefficient. Results showed that： （1） There was variation trend that soil moisture increased with altitude, and fitted relation to Sw = 0.025 3 a - 52.546 （R2 = 0.651 5）;（2） The soil moisture on half shady slope was 1.2 times higher than half sunny slope, and 1.7 times higher than sunny slope, and the soil moisture on half sunny slope was 1.4 times higher than sunny slope; （3） The soil moisture was smaller with greater gradient if slope was less than 25° range, but the soil moisture was greater with greater gradient if slope was greater than 25° range; （4） The soil moisture under sub-alpine scrub forest was 1.5 times higher than arbor forest, and 1.7 times higher than the grass, and the soil moisture under arbor forest was 1.2 times higher than the grass; （5） The soil moisture from top to bottom in turn showed the vertical variation trend from low to high then low in addition to the soil moisture under litter moss showed the vertical variation trend from high to high then low; （6） The soil moisture variation on edge of arbor forest and grassland was the largest, second half sunny slope grassland, the other was stable. The research conclusion could provide the scientific basis and reference material for water resources management and utilization in river basin.