中文摘要：

哈萨克斯坦是全球生物多样性最丰富的国家之一，同时也是生物多样性遭受威胁最严重的国家之一。新疆特殊的地理地形、景观带和气候条件也决定了其拥有多种类型的生态系统。通过对哈萨克斯坦和新疆生物多样性的概况、特点、面临的威胁，及其目前开展的生物多样性保护工作的一些情况的概述，对二者进行了对比分析。

英文摘要：

Kazakhstan is one of the countries with the most diversified species, and its biodiversity has been mostly threatened in recent years. Xinjiang, with complex geography and landscape, has obviously changeable climate and the location in the center of Eurasia continent, which results in the great specialty and importance of biodiversity here. This paper briefly expounded and analyzed the current situation, characteristic of biodiversity and the threats to it in Kazakhstan and Xinjiang, also introduced the ongoing protection of biological diversity. In Kazakhstan, biodiversity also varies geographically through the natural and climatic height zones. Generally, the diversity and originality of the flora and fauna in steppe and desert zones increases from west to east. However, in mountain systems an increase takes place from the north - east （Altai） to the south - west （ West Tianshan, Karatau）. Over 6 000 species of higher vascular plants and about 5 000 species of mushrooms are registered on the territory of Kazakhstan. In addition, over 2 000 species of sea weeds, and about 500 species of bryophytes have been recorded in this region. The inventory survey of Kazakhstan＇s fauna has been completed for the vertebrates only, although for some classes a generalized fauna summary has been published. 835 vertebrate species inhabit the territory of Kazakhstan, which may be subdivided into 178 species of mammal, 396 species of birds actually nested within the territory, 49 species of Rhynchocephalia, 12 amphibia species and 3 species of Cyclostomata. Xinjiang possesses high plant of 3 787 species and subspecies, and bryophyte of 600 species. There are 272 species, 119 genus and 34 families of wild endemic species plants in Xinjiang. The culture of fruit tree are 17 species and 812 breeds. Muskmelon are 144 breeds and watermelon are 151 breeds in Xinjiang. And there are 792 species and also 150 subspecies of wild vertebrate, including 88 species of fishes, 69 species of amphibious reptiles,539 species and subspecie