根据2012年11月至2013年9月的9次监测数据,分析了淮南潘集开放型和封闭型采煤沉陷区地表水与浅层地下水中氮磷的时空分布及组成特征。结果表明,氨氮和溶解性总磷的时空差异性较小,KB(开放型地表水)、FB(封闭型地表水)、KD(开放型地下水)、FD(封闭型地下水)中氨氮最大值分别为0.621 mg/L(6月)、0.813 mg/L(6月)、1.45 mg/L(5月)、1.207 mg/L(5月),溶解性总磷最大值分别为0.055 5 mg/L(11月)、0.039 05 mg/L(5月)、0.350 3 mg/L(11月)、0.140 7 mg/L(7月);硝态氮、凯氏氮和总氮的时间差异性较大,空间差异性较小,KB、FB、KD、FD中硝酸盐氮最大值分别为0.635 mg/L(11月)、0.623 mg/L(4月)、1.13 mg/L(4月)、1.258 mg/L(4月),凯氏氮最大值(6月)分别为1.398 mg/L、1.397 mg/L、1.068 mg/L、1.025 mg/L,总氮最大值分别为2.295 mg/L(11月)、2.261 mg/L(1月)、1.309 mg/L(11月)、2.21mg/L(1月);正磷酸盐和总磷的时空差异性较大,KB、FB、KD、FD中正磷酸盐最大值分别为0.103 7 mg/L(11月)、0.029 8 mg/L(6月)、0.367 9 mg/L(4月)、0.389 5 mg/L(9月),总磷最大值分别为0.114 1 mg/L(8月)、0.196 9 mg/L(5月)、0.411 8 mg/L(4月)、0.450 9 mg/L(9月)。氮磷时空差异性主要受降水量、地表径流及农业面源、人为干扰等因素的影响。无机氮与总氮和正磷酸盐与溶解性总磷的比率均大于50%,正磷酸盐是溶解性总磷的主要存在形式,开放型沉陷积水区内溶解态磷的比重更高。
Based on the nine sets of monitoring data from November 2012 to September 2013, the temporal and spatial distribution and composition characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water and shallow groundwater of open and closed coal mine subsidence area in Panji of Huainan were investigated. Results showed that the temporal and spatial distribution differences of ammonia nitrogen and soluble phosphorus were small. In KB(opend surface water), FB(closed surface water), KD(opend shallow groundwater) and FD(closed shallow groundwater), the maxima of ammonia nitrogen was0.621 mg / L(June), 0.813 mg / L(June), 1.45 mg / L(May), 1.207 mg / L(May) and the maxima of soluble phosphorus was0.0555 mg / L(November), 0.03905 mg / L(May), 0.3503 mg / L(November), 0.1407 mg / L(July), respectively. The temporal distribution differences of nitrate nitrogen, kjeldahl nitrogen and total nitrogen werebigger were larger, while the spatial distribution differences were smaller. In KB, FB, KD and FD, the maxima of nitrate nitrogen was 0.635 mg / L(November), 0.623 mg / L(April), 1.13 mg / L(April), 1.258 mg / L(April); the maxima of Kjeldahl nitrogen was all in June, at the content of 1.398 mg /L, 1.397 mg / L, 1.068 mg / L, 1.025 mg / L; and the maxima of total nitrogen was 2.295 mg / L(November), 2.261 mg / L(January),1.309 mg / L(November), 2.21 mg / L(January), respectively. Meanwhile, the temporal and spatial distribution differences of orthophosphate and total phosphorus were both larger. In KB, FB, KD and FD, the maxima of orthophosphate was 0.1037 mg / L(November), 0.0298 mg / L(June), 0.3679 mg / L(April), 0.3895 mg / L(September); and the maxima of total phosphorus was0.1141 mg / L(August), 0.1969 mg / L(May), 0.4118 mg / L(April), 0.4509 mg / L(September), respectively. The temporal and spatial differences of nitrogen and phosphorus were mainly affected by rainfall, surface runoff and agricultural non-poin