中文摘要：

利用功能缺失型（Loss-of-function）或者功能获得型（Gain-of-function）策略高通量筛选功能基因，是研究人员快速寻找调控特定表型的重要或关键基因的主要方法。RNA 干扰（RNA interference，RNAi）的遗传筛选方法因操作简单、成本相对较低等优势，尽管已经得到了广泛的应用，然而其抑制效果不完全、脱靶效应明显等劣势依然存在。近年来兴起的 CRISPR/Cas9（Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequences/CRISPR-associated protein 9）技术能快速、简便、准确地实现基因组敲除等编辑功能，因而成为一种强大的遗传筛选工具；在各种细胞系、人和小鼠及斑马鱼等多种模式动物中，大规模运用该方法筛选功能基因已经取得了巨大成功。本文总结了 CRISPR/Cas9技术的特点，将其与传统基因工程方法进行了分析比较，回顾了近期相关的高通量功能基因筛选工作，最后探讨了该技术未来的发展趋势。

英文摘要：

High-throughput screening, a powerful tool for the discovery of functionally important genes respon-sible for certain phenotypes, is performed according to loss-of-function or gain-of-function strategies. RNAi tech-nology or knockout approaches have been widely used in high throughput screening due to their advantages of ease use, low cost and so on. However, imcomplete knockdown activity and off-target effect hindered their utility. More recently, CRISPR/Cas9 technology is becoming a robust tool for genome editing in diverse cells or animals, since it could generate a gene mutation in a target-specific manner. In this review, we first summarize the characterization＆nbsp;of CRISPR/Cas9 and make comparison with traditional genetic tools, then describe recent achievements of genetic screen in several model organisms using CRISPR/Cas9, finally discuss on its future challenges and opportunities.