中文摘要：

激光拉曼光谱技术是应用于科技考古研究中的高技术之一,属于无损分析研究,但作为一种很好的无损分析方法它在中国古代玉器研究中的应用并不非常广泛。文章首先介绍了激光拉曼光谱技术的基本原理及近几年来国内外的最新进展,然后从矿物结构与拉曼特征峰之间的关系入手比较了目前国内外5种常见玉石的激光拉曼研究结果。然后分别通过对浙江良渚遗址和河南安阳殷墟遗址出土的4件中国古代玉器与新疆和田地区出产的软玉样品进行对比研究,成功地利用激光拉曼光谱技术对一批中国古代玉器进行了无损鉴定,从而阐明该项技术在中国古代玉器结构测试和材质鉴定中是一种很好的无损分析研究方法。最后,讨论了目前激光拉曼光谱技术在中国古玉和古代玉器研究中存在的局限性并对其发展前景进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Laser Raman spectroscopic technique is one of the essential methods in scientific archaeological research,which belongs to the nondestructive analysis. As a very good nondestructive analysis approach,it has not been widely applied in the research of the Chinese ancient jade artifacts. First of all in the present paper the fundamentals of laser Raman spectroscopic technique and the new research progress in this field were reviewed. Secondly,the Raman spectra of five familiar jades including nephrite （mainly composed of tremolite）,Xiuyan Jade （mainly composed of serpentine）,Dushan Jade （mainly composed of anorthite and Zoisite）,turquoise and lapis lazuli were summarized respectively. As for an example,the Raman spectra of the four Chinese ancient jade artifacts excavated from Liangzhu Site of Zhejiang Province and Yinxu Site of Anyang in Henan Province were compared with that of the nephrite sample in Hetian of Xinjiang Province. It was shown that the Raman spectroscopic technique is a good nondestructive approach to the identification and investigation of the structures and mineral composition of Chinese ancient jade artifacts. Finally,the limitations and the foreground of this technique were discussed.