中文摘要：

为了研制一种理想的吸油剂，对泥炭、秸秆、锯末和改性泥炭用作吸油材料进行了对比试验。结果表明，未改性的风干泥炭吸油效果好于秸秆和锯末，而且是藓类泥炭吸油效果好于草本泥炭；对于同一类型的泥炭，中细纤维结构的吸油量高于中粗纤维结构的；与未改性的风干泥炭相比，不论采用物理方法还是物理化学方法进行改性，改性后泥炭的吸油效果均好于改性前的。试验证明了泥炭可以作为一种吸油材料，尤其是改性后的泥炭更是一种效率高、成本低、环保型的吸油材料。

英文摘要：

Raw peat, cornstalk, sawdust and modified peat whose properties had been changed were respec- tively tested to develop a sort of perfect oil cleanup sorbent. The results show that air-dried raw peat is superior to cornstalk and sawdust, and sphagnum peat is better than herbaceous peat in the aspect of absorbing oil; the a- mount of oil absorbed by peat with middle-thin fiber is higher than that absorbed by peat with middle-thick fiber. Moreover, modified peat, changing properties whether by physical or by physicochemical method, can both ab- sorb more oil than air-dried raw peat. So peat is proven to be a kind of effective oil sorbent, especially the modi- fied peat is a kind of perfect oil sorbent with high efficiency, low cost and little pollution.