中文摘要：

土壤中各形态钾之间存在着渐变性,并处于一定的动态平衡。土壤钾素的固定和释放对这一平衡过程产生重要影响,进而影响钾对植物的有效性,其反应方向依赖于土壤交换性钾和水溶性钾的浓度及环境条件。系统阐述了土壤钾素形态的划分,土壤钾素固定和释放的概念、强度及意义,并主要从矿物种类和结构方面综述了土壤钾素固定和释放的机理,展望了土壤钾素的研究方向。

英文摘要：

Different forms of potassium were in reversible equilibriums in soil. Potassium fixation and release affected the equilibriums significantly, thus exerted impact upon the availability of potassium. The reaction direction depended on the contents of exchangeable K, water soluble K and environment. This paper expatiated the partition of soil potassium forms, and the concept, intensity and meaning of potassium fixation and release, and summarized the mechanisms of soil potassium fixation and release from mineral variety and structure. The development direction of soil potassium was prospected.