中文摘要：

利用大田试验研究了鄂东南丘陵生态区水稻-油菜轮作制中钾肥的施用对水稻和油菜的产量及农田钾素平衡的影响。结果表明,施钾量为150 kg/hm2时,水稻和油菜产量均达到最高,与不施钾相比,水稻增产1 495 kg/hm2,增产率为27.4%;油菜增产159 kg/hm2,增产率为10.3%。增施钾肥增加作物养分吸收量,钾肥用量187.5 kg/hm2时,钾吸收量为349.1 kg/hm2,氮吸收量为205.1 kg/hm2。水稻-油菜轮作中增施钾肥缓解了土壤钾素亏缺程度,且施高量钾（187.5 kg/hm2）的处理农田钾素出现少量盈余;氮素均出现盈余。

英文摘要：

Effect of K application on the yield and potash balance of rice-rapeseed rotation system in Hubei southeast was studied.The results showed that rice and rapeseed yield reached the highest if applicating 150 kg K2O/hm2;and rice yield increased by 1 495 kg/hm2 with a rate of 27.4%,rapeseed yield increased by 159 kg/hm2 with a rate of 10.3%.K increased the nutrient accumulative content of crops.Crops absorbed K at an amount of 349.1 kg/hm2,N at an amount of 205.1 kg/hm2 if applicating 187.5 kg K2O/hm2.In rice-rapeseed rotation system,the deficit potash decreased when K application increased;and potassium had a little surplus at 187.5 kg K2O/hm2 in each season;while nitrogen showed surplus.