中文摘要：

利用固体催化剂催化废弃动物油脂制取生物柴油可以实现催化剂的重复利用、降低原料成本,从而提高生物柴油的市场竞争力。该文以牛油为原料,在自制固体催化剂 Cs2O/γ-Al2O3的催化作用下与甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油。采用响应面法对反应过程进行了优化,试验考察了醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度等操作条件对酯交换反应的影响,并得到了最优反应条件,即反应温度 66℃,醇油摩尔比 10.5：1,催化剂用量 5.3%,反应时间 120 min,生物柴油的酯交换率达到 95.5%。反应后固体催化剂在 400℃下灼烧 4 h 后可以重复利用,重复利用 8 次后酯交换率下降不到 6%。研究结果将为固体催化剂催化废弃动物油脂制取生物柴油的连续和产业化生产提供试验基础,为提高生物柴油的市场竞争力提供参考。

英文摘要：

The production of biodiesel from abandoned animal fat catalyzed by solid catalysts can realize the catalysts reutilization, decrease the cost of raw materials, thus enhancing the market competitiveness of biodiesel. The transesterification reaction of beef tallow and methanol to product biodiesel using Cs2O/γ-Al2O3 as solid catalyst was studied in this study. Response surface methodology and Box-Behnken experimental design were employed to optimize the reaction conditions. The variables of the molar ratio of methanol to oil, catalyst amount, reaction time and reaction temperature were investigated, and the optimum conditions were obtained： molar ratio of methanol to oil 10.5：1, catalyst amount 5.3% （based on the weight of oil）, reaction time 120 min, reaction temperature 66℃. Under this optimum reaction conditions, the biodiesel yield was 95.5%. The collected catalyst can be reused after being calcined for 4 h at 400℃ and the biodiesel yields decreased less than 6% after the catalyst being reused for eight cycles in the repeated experiments. The results would offer experimental foundation for the continuous and industrial production of biodiesel catalyzed by solid catalysts from abandoned animal fat, and provide references for improving the market competitiveness of biodiesl.