中文摘要：

大国人口众多、土地辽阔，有更加复杂的组织结构和制度安排，大国的制度变迁具有内生性、渐进性以及巨大的国际影响力。从静态和提高效率的角度来看，制度变迁主要通过降低交易成本和提高效率来促进经济增长；从动态的角度看，制度变迁主要通过形成激励机制和推动技术创新来促进经济增长；从结构的角度看，制度变迁主要是通过黏合各种要素形成整体合力来促进经济增长。发展中大国应该以改革促进大国的制度创新，建立以市场机制为核心、以转变政府职能为关键、以驱动科技创新为目标的市场经济体制。

英文摘要：

With huge population, vast land areas, the great powers have much more complicated organizational structure and institutional arrangement, so the institutional changes are endogenous, gradational and influential worldwide. From a static and effective angle, institutional changes boost the economic growth by forming incentive mechanisms and pushing forward technological innovation; from the angle of structure, by adhesion of various elements to form an integral force. The developing great powers should boost their institutional innovation through reforms, constructing market economic system with the market mechanism as the core, transformation of the government functions as the key, driving the scientific innovation as the objective.