中文摘要：

近年来,氧化石墨烯（graphene oxide,GO）作为石墨烯的一类重要衍生物越来越受到人们的广泛关注.科学家们发现GO具有吸附单链核酸并保护其不受核酸酶降解的能力,该特性引发GO在生物分析领域一系列新的应用：一方面,基于GO能够保护RNA免受环境中普遍存在的核酸酶攻击,发展了稳定RNA探针分子的方法并用于特定目标物的检测、富集及分离;另一方面,基于单链核酸的吸附使其具有抗酶切能力,而形成双链核酸后脱吸附使其失去抗酶切能力,发展了循环酶切放大方法,并用于一系列分析物的高灵敏检测中.此外,功能核酸分子吸附于GO表面后,将具有较高的细胞转染效率、较低的细胞毒性以及较强的生物稳定性,从而被广泛应用于细胞内特定基因及代谢物的检测、成像等.在本篇综述中,首先介绍了GO对单链核酸的保护效果,在此基础上,进一步阐述受保护的单链核酸在生物分析领域的一系列应用.

英文摘要：

Recently, the binding ability of nucleic acid probes on （Graphene Oxide, GO） and resulting nuclease resistance have attracted increasing attention,leading to new applications in bioanalysis. For instance, in vitro, based on the protective property of GOs, a GO-stabilized RNA platform has been developed for high-efficiency analysis and enrichment of RNA probes-related analyte without special or tedious manipulations. In addition, the adsorption of ssDNA on GO surface and desorption of dsDNA or well-folded ssDNA from GO surface result in the protection and deprotection of DNA from nuclease digestion,respectively, which has led to target-trig- gered cyclic enzymatic amplification methods （CEAM） for amplified detection of analytes with sensitivity of 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of 1,1 binding strategy. Finally,in vivo, nucleic acids absorbed on GO can be effectively protected from enzymatic degradation and biological interference in complicated samples,making it useful for intracellular detection and imaging with high up take efficiencies,high intracellular stability,and very low toxicity. This review explores some of the latest developments in this field.